Imaging Shows Patterns of Alcoholic Brain Damage

Imaging Shows Patterns of Alcoholic Brain Damage Addiction Alcohol Use Print Imaging Shows Patterns of Brain Damage in Alcoholics By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 25, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on December 05, 2019 fotostorm / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Innovations in imaging technology have helped alcohol researchers study how alcohol damages internal organs, such as the brain and the liver. Using computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), researchers are finding the direct effects of chronic drinking. Imaging studies have revealed a consistent association between heavy drinking and physical brain damage, even in the absence of other usual symptoms of severe alcoholismâ€"chronic liver disease or alcohol-induced dementia. Brain Shrinkage and Alcoholic Behavior The shrinkage observed seems to be more extensive in the cortex of the frontal lobe, which is believed to be the seat of higher intellectual functions. This shrinkage generally increases with age, at least in men. Repeated imaging of a group of alcoholics who continued drinking over a five-year period revealed progressive brain shrinkage that significantly exceeded normal age-related shrinkage. The rate of frontal cortex shrinkage correlates closely with the amount of alcohol consumed. But this shrinkage has also been observed in deeper brain regions, including brain structures associated with memory, as well as in the cerebellum, which helps regulate coordination and balance. The brain tries to compensate for these losses by activating brain regions to perform the tasks normally done by the shrunken regions. Functional MRI shows more use of some areas in the alcoholic test subjects compared with control subjects. This enables alcoholics to maintain performance even as their brains are being injured by the alcohol. Does Drinking Alcohol Really Kill Brain Cells? Reversing the Effects A key goal of imaging in alcoholism research is to detect changes in specific brain regions that can be correlated with alcohol-related behaviors. Imaging of the cerebellum has linked both shrinkages and decreased blood flow to impaired balance and gait. This may lead to falls, especially among older alcoholics. Researchers do not agree on the effect this brain shrinkage has on memory loss and problem-solving skills. Some studies show no effect, while others have reported some loss in those skills associated with alcohol-induced brain shrinkage. However, these effects are usually reversed with alcohol abstinence. Even quitting drinking for three to four weeks has shown to reverse the effects on memory loss and problem-solving skills. MRI shows some recovery of tissue volume after a period of abstinence. But when an alcoholic returns to drinking they show further reductions in brain tissue volume. More recent advances in imaging techniques are allowing investigators to study alcohol dependence. Scientists are beginning to measure alcohol’s effects on mood, emotional states, craving, and cognition while simultaneously assessing metabolic, physiologic, and neurochemical function in the brain, said former NIAAA Director Enoch Gordis, M.D. These innovations in imaging technology will help not only the alcohol field but also all fields of medicine where biology and behavior are so closely linked. How to Reverse Brain Damage From Long-Term Alcohol Use

Essay about Media Sports How did Baseball get Affected...

The media affects society in positive and negative ways. This can be seen in America’s national pastime baseball. Baseball is a sport that became the national sport in the United States in the late 19th century. From the beginning of the sport they tried to keep the highest standards to each player and ball club. There were times of scandal, but of all the things that happen to baseball substance abuse has been portrayed as one of the worst thing a player could do. To defame the baseball was to ruin everything the sport stood for. This research paper will look at one of the worst blotches in baseballs history, the steroid era. The steroid era as many know now started roughly 2003, but there was a time in which many forget. In†¦show more content†¦Baseball traditionalists got wind of this after a while though and charged the mound in essence to prove doping was wrong. That doing steroids undercuts baseball as a whole and its records left behind by legends. Th e medical community as a whole would later back this up and told of the serious side effects that ranged from male breast development to mood swings that would be later known as ‘roid rage. This would not be good for the public because the fans emulate what their idols do and if that’s what they believe needed to be done to be more like them they would. Eventually in almost every high school in the country, young athletes are told about these health risks associated with using Performance-enhancing drugs. This was only the beginning, soon the media would start to look down more upon what is going on in baseball and they would pursue it. In 2002 the Major League Baseball Players Association executive director was asked a question by Senator Byron Dorgan, â€Å"Is there a problem?† The Senator know there was a problem because a recent National League Most Valuable Player admitted to using steroids in a Sports Illustrated cover story. The MVP Ken Caminiti even admitted to no regrets for steroid use because of the prevalence in the major league (Steroid Era). The media helped baseball lovers push for more testing. In 2002 the major league players and managers both agreed forShow MoreRelated316 (4-5). Ms. Matthews . English Iv. 24 April 2017 . How1096 Words   |  5 Pages2017 How Baseball Changed Over Time Baseball changed over time when African Americans were able to join the game of baseball in the early 1840s when the game of baseball started. Only African American were able to play the game of baseball due to segregation. Most people did not even want African Americans to play baseball in the MLB they could have their own league but,not with whites because no blacks were allowed to communicate with them. Alexander Cartwright invented the game of baseball and theRead MoreHuman Growth Hormone Is A Big Problem Essay1783 Words   |  8 Pagesdeficiency in the amount of growth hormone they have in their body. When people get these injections, they have â€Å"better protection from fractures, increased muscle mass, and improved energy† (Harvard Medical School). Consequently, those people take it for low growth hormone, but most athletes just take it to improve their muscle mass. Athletes doping on human growth hormone is a big problem which is why Major League Baseball has put a ban on it, but if they look at studies that have been done they wouldRead MorePete Rose Essay3071 Words   |  13 Pagesin Major League Baseball. Yet, a name, synonymous with numerous records, is mostly associated with controversy. Enter Peter Edward â€Å"Pete† Rose Sr. Pete Rose grew up in a middle class family, struggled as a student, and then eventually excelled as a baseball player/manager. Even though Pete Rose lived for the sport and broke so many records during his professional career, it was his off-the-field behavior which led to his being banished from baseball and probably the Baseball Hall of Fame. BornRead MoreMarketing Principle Quiz20161 Words   |  81 Pages  Question 1 | 1 out of 1 points    | | For many years, Procter amp; Gamble (Pamp;G) viewed its Ivory soap as just plain old soap—and not as a cleansing product that could provide other benefits as well. When it came to Ivory soap, Pamp;G focused on how well it made the soap and not on what customers wanted from a bar of soap. It had a _____ orientation. | | | | | Selected Answer: |   a.   production | Correct Answer: |   a.   production | Feedback: | The production orientation forces a companyRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesBasic Properties of Probability 295 6.4 Conditional Probability 302 6.5 Independence 313 6.6 Some General Probability Rules 323 6.7 Estimating Probabilities Empirically Using Simulation 335 Activity 6.1 Kisses 347 Activity 6.2 A Crisis for European Sports Fans? 347 Activity 6.3 The â€Å"Hot Hand† in Basketball 347 Graphing Calculator Explorations 351 7 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 7.1 Random Variables 358 357 7.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables 361 7Read MoreVarian Solution153645 Words   |  615 Pageswould get apartments? A, B, C, D. $18. (c) If the monopolist were required by law to rent exactly 5 apartments, what price would he charge to maximize his revenue? (d) Who would get apartments? A, B, C, D, F. (e) If this landlord could charge each individual a diï ¬â‚¬erent price, and he knew the reservation prices of all the individuals, what is the maximum revenue he could make if he rented all 5 apartments? $148. (f ) If 5 apartments were rented, which individuals would get the apartments

We Read Race And Class - 2302 Words

Dave Chappelle talks about how many different types of people in society today benefit from racism and other social constructs whether or not they know it. While minority groups toil under racism, sexism and classism the majority groups benefit. While blacks were heavily oppressed from times of slavery all the way until the Jim Crow era whites benefited from the system of oppression. Back when women had no rights and sexism was rampant men were benefactors and while life gets harder and harder for the poor it gets easier and easier for the rich. In the books we read race and class are major themes in all of them. Many characters get the short end of the privilege stick while others benefit greatly from different types of privilege whether or not they are aware of it. Most of the characters are either too young or too ignorant to do anything about the privilege gap in these books. Chappelle talks about opportunities given to those with privilege. Whether it’s having the knowled ge that getting kicked out of one prestigious prep school just means enrollment in another or simply being able to freely go wherever a person wants knowing they won’t be questioned or beaten unequal opportunities based on privilege are plentiful in our novels this year. While several characters exemplify the benefits of privilege Kevin, Scout and Holden best illustrate what privilege, whether known or unknown, can do for a person. Kevin comes from the novel Kindred by Octavia Butler. He is a white manShow MoreRelatedSocial Issues Class And Gender1307 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout our semester together, our Social Issues class has discussed many different aspects of race, class and gender. We have had many opportunities to discuss and share our opinions on different topics and problems we face today. During this course, my outlook on life and other people has changed significantly. The use of projects and papers has further enlightened me to understand the perspective of others. The readings that we have been given each week have proven themselves very beneficialRead MoreInessential Woman855 Words   |  4 PagesThis weeks reading echoed many of the issues we addressed in Global Feminism last semester. As Spelman illustrates, those issues of difference, exclusion, essentialism, race, class, white middle-class heteronormativity, remain difficult and complex within feminist theories. I start by saying that I found myself confused at times and having to re-read quite often. I was taken by Spelmans introduction and the analogous yet paradoxical examples of Uncle Theo and the multiplicity of the pebblesRead MoreMalcom X By Malcolm X989 Words   |  4 Pageseducation in reading or writing and tried to learn how to read and write which it was hard for him, but he still continue to learn to those skills. In Malcolm X’s â€Å"Learning to Read†, despite being a prisoner, he decides to learn how to read and write making use of his time in prison in order to learn more about the world than continuing to be ignorant. â€Å"Learning to Read† by Malcolm X is a narrative that focuses on him trying to learn how to read in prison and how gaining that ability open up new doorsRead MoreThe And Race Expert Dr. Beverly Daniel Tatum1312 Words   |  6 PagesAbout the Authors Author, scholar, and race expert Dr. Beverly Daniel Tatum is the former president of the Spelman College in Atlanta, Georgia and Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Tatum received her B.A. in psychology at Wesleyan University, and her M.A. in religious studies at Hartford Seminary. She also received her doctoral degree in clinical psychology at the University of Michigan. Dr. Tatum began her career serving as an Associate Professor and Assistant Professor atRead More Multicultural Essay587 Words   |  3 PagesMulticultural I must admit that before I began taking this class I took for granted how much racism still exists in this country. I have started to put more thought in to the way the world really is, the topics discussed in class have started to catch my interest. When I first started reading the Tatum book I was mad when I read her version of the word â€Å"racism†. I thought to my self â€Å"I personally have never held down the black race, what does she mean?† As I progressed in the book I was startingRead MoreThe Representation Of Race, Class And Gender925 Words   |  4 PagesThe representations of race, class and gender in the media promote various forms of oppressions. Ideologies of class that commemorate the upper class and diminish the lower class are seen in many programs. Ideologies of gender that discriminate women and promote sexism, ideologies of race that misrepresent people of color are mostly created by people who have different perspectives and ideologies. For ins tance in a 2008 television commercial for the Japanese cell phone companies, a monkey is shownRead MoreThe Race And Ethnicity Of The District Population826 Words   |  4 Pagesfamilies, 4% are English Learners, 16% are labeled with disabilities, and 1% are homeless. The race and ethnicity of the district population is as follows: 1% are Asian, 46% are African-American, 25% are Hispanic, 23% are white, and 5% are two or more races. There are 822 female students and 876 male students enrolled in school throughout the district. Student attendance is at 95%, the average class size is 24 students per teacher, and the total school days are 175. The mobility rate for theRead MoreSummary Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1316 Words   |  6 Pages This year, we read a few different texts. Of Mice and Men, Farewell to Manzanar, and To Kill a Mockingbird all taught me many valuable life lessons. In To Kill a Mockingbird, it taught me that people are people, and you should never judge somebody based on social class or race. Before you start to judge somebody, you need to put yourself in their shoes and look at the situation based on their perspective. The life lesson taught in Farewell to Manzanar is to always have a positive attitude towardsRead MoreWhat Happened From Post Racial America?1234 Words   |  5 Pages Daniel Josà © Older, Ward Connerly, David Theo Goldberg, and Binyavanga Wainaina wrote four, somehow related, articles. Each of them with both same and different points of view, wrote articles of a similar topic; race. Some key concepts about racialization in America that Connerly, Goldberg, Older, and Wainaina present are color-blindness, othering, and erasure. Color-blindness, meaning no more preferences, had a wide range of views from these authors. Connerly, author of â€Å"What Happened to Post-RacialRead MoreThe Mask Of Chivalry : The Making Of The Second Ku Klux Klan1706 Words   |  7 PagesThe book I chose to read for my book review was Behind the Mask of Chivalry: The Making of the Second Ku Klux Klan by Nancy Maclean. At the time of the book’s publication in 1994, she was an Associate Professor of History at Northeastern University. The book is a revision of her dissertation she wrote to achieve her doctoral degree at the University of Washington at madison. At that time in 1889, the long paper was titled, â€Å"Behind the Mask of Chivalry: Gender, Race, and Class in the Making of the

Book of night women Free Essays

The â€Å"Book of Night Women† by Marlon James is an incredibly authentic-feeling novel that brings into play many deep issues for being a piece of fiction. I found this book to be a real page-turner that helped, among other things, to widen my understanding of the institution of slavery in the West Indies as well as the dynamics of the relationships between the slave and master. It is this often confusing relationship that I wish to further explore in this paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Book of night women or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story our main character, Lilith, ends up developing feelings for her master, an Irishman named Robert Quinn. The character Quinn is a white slave owner that eems to understand that the institution of slavery is an evil one, but does not know what to do about it, so he goes on with life the way it is. It is hard to hate him, but it’s hard to like him as well. Being an Irishman, he is lower on the social hierarchy put in place by the slave owning community, and because of this he searches for pity and tries to relate to Lilith, his slave. He compares their lives and social standings, which to me seems almost ridiculous, but to him is a completely legitimate understanding. He does treat Lilith with a certain respect that no other slave owners in the story ives to her. One example that stands out in my mind is the matter of their sexual relationship being more tender and loving than the usual â€Å"animalistic† approach that many of the other masters take out on the slave women. â€Å"No, fucking. No, rutting like animals, like the animal all white man think black woman be. But he say something when he coming and he hold on to her so weak, like she be the master and is all he can do to hold on. † However, Robert Quinn and Lilith are still clearly not equal to one another in the way that Quinn so desperatly tries to convey to her. I feel that the time period placed on this story plays a significant role in Robert Quinn’s treatment of Lilith as a woman. At first glance, even if he is a bit more kind to her, such as insisting that Lilith sit and eat with him while she stands in the corner just watching (something she is accostomed to), and telling her that he wishes to teach her how to ride a horse; he is still incredibly demanding of her. He still tells her that he â€Å"expects a hearty meal† when he returns home late, and that she should clean his home, etc. But keeping this in context, this is how the average woman ould have been treated at the time. Robert Quinn is treating her much more like they are in the average relationship based gender roles of the time, and much less like the usual master and slave relationship. This was a somewhat confusing aspect of the text, that unless put into the perspective time, could be completely missed. It is apparent though, that Robert Quinn wants Lilith to feel this connection between the two of them. He wants her to feel as if she is a free woman when she is with him, so much so that he almost forces this upon her. As if demanding her to be free woman when in his company, which is redicoulous and hypacritical. In conclussion, Marlon James does a great Job at unfolding this relationship to his readers in a way that touches many aspects of the gender and class roles of the time. It is my opinion that no matter how much Lilith wanted to hate her master, Robert Quinn, she could not simply because of his often soft treatment of her; even if he was them. No matter how misguided the opinions of Robert Quinn may seem, he truely beleived what he infered about his low social standings and the resulting connections he made with Lilith. How to cite Book of night women, Papers

Book of night women Free Essays

The â€Å"Book of Night Women† by Marlon James is an incredibly authentic-feeling novel that brings into play many deep issues for being a piece of fiction. I found this book to be a real page-turner that helped, among other things, to widen my understanding of the institution of slavery in the West Indies as well as the dynamics of the relationships between the slave and master. It is this often confusing relationship that I wish to further explore in this paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Book of night women or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story our main character, Lilith, ends up developing feelings for her master, an Irishman named Robert Quinn. The character Quinn is a white slave owner that eems to understand that the institution of slavery is an evil one, but does not know what to do about it, so he goes on with life the way it is. It is hard to hate him, but it’s hard to like him as well. Being an Irishman, he is lower on the social hierarchy put in place by the slave owning community, and because of this he searches for pity and tries to relate to Lilith, his slave. He compares their lives and social standings, which to me seems almost ridiculous, but to him is a completely legitimate understanding. He does treat Lilith with a certain respect that no other slave owners in the story ives to her. One example that stands out in my mind is the matter of their sexual relationship being more tender and loving than the usual â€Å"animalistic† approach that many of the other masters take out on the slave women. â€Å"No, fucking. No, rutting like animals, like the animal all white man think black woman be. But he say something when he coming and he hold on to her so weak, like she be the master and is all he can do to hold on. † However, Robert Quinn and Lilith are still clearly not equal to one another in the way that Quinn so desperatly tries to convey to her. I feel that the time period placed on this story plays a significant role in Robert Quinn’s treatment of Lilith as a woman. At first glance, even if he is a bit more kind to her, such as insisting that Lilith sit and eat with him while she stands in the corner just watching (something she is accostomed to), and telling her that he wishes to teach her how to ride a horse; he is still incredibly demanding of her. He still tells her that he â€Å"expects a hearty meal† when he returns home late, and that she should clean his home, etc. But keeping this in context, this is how the average woman ould have been treated at the time. Robert Quinn is treating her much more like they are in the average relationship based gender roles of the time, and much less like the usual master and slave relationship. This was a somewhat confusing aspect of the text, that unless put into the perspective time, could be completely missed. It is apparent though, that Robert Quinn wants Lilith to feel this connection between the two of them. He wants her to feel as if she is a free woman when she is with him, so much so that he almost forces this upon her. As if demanding her to be free woman when in his company, which is redicoulous and hypacritical. In conclussion, Marlon James does a great Job at unfolding this relationship to his readers in a way that touches many aspects of the gender and class roles of the time. It is my opinion that no matter how much Lilith wanted to hate her master, Robert Quinn, she could not simply because of his often soft treatment of her; even if he was them. No matter how misguided the opinions of Robert Quinn may seem, he truely beleived what he infered about his low social standings and the resulting connections he made with Lilith. How to cite Book of night women, Papers

McCarthyism and Its Effect on the Cold War free essay sample

The Soviet Unions main conflict was the enormous philosophical differences with the west. The Soviets exploited on communism and believed capitalism to be corrupt and a menace to the working class. The soviets rejected collaboration among themselves and industrialist countries ideologically. A wide-ranging amount of differences in the beliefs helped widen the gap between the West and the Soviets. The Soviets having control over Eastern Europe is also another cause of the Cold War.This alerted the United States with the growth of communism in European countries. The united States set up the Marshall Plan. The Marshall Plan was a cost-effective sustenance package funded by the United States. The relief money was spread throughout the war torn democratic countries to help rebuild their economy. However, no money went to the Soviet Union or any of their allies. Then out of nowhere someone made an accusation and brought about McCarthy. We will write a custom essay sample on McCarthyism and Its Effect on the Cold War or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McCarthy is the invention of the anti-communist politics that arose around the early Cold War years.The Cold War renovated American politics in a way that exposed communism as a central part of political life. McCarthy was believed to be an absurd reaction to the rise of he secular state and the total association was resentments produced by status concern. Senator Joseph McCarthy action brought forth McCarthy and the notion of Anti-Communism. This paper will deliberate the difference among McCarthy and Anti-Communism and how the media made it public business.Further issues debated will be that of the take on American foreign policy resolutions and the impact created by anti- communism and how it altered Americans lives associated with the Red The Cold War was a historical affair that offered tension and stern Scare. Conflicts throughout the World. The key fenders in the Cold War occurred between the United States and its supporters, disputed by Russia and the countries allied with that country. The Democrats and Republicans fought among each other to validate who opposed communism the greatest which produce anti-communism during the late sass and early sass. McCarthy originated from the actions Of U. S. Senator Joseph McCarthy and lasted around 10 years. Senator McCarthy accused many Americans of being communists or communist supporters who were unfaithful to their country due to their political beliefs. His actions combined with the unionism growth and the Korean War conveyed on fears that led to a new Red Scare. McCarthy played on the uncertainties of the people to obtain a higher political standing within the united States Senate.The Democrats and Republicans fought amongst each other to prove who opposed communism the most which produce anti-communism during the late sass and early sass. McCarthy originated from the actions of U. S. Senator Joseph McCarthy and lasted around 10 years. Senator McCarthy accused many Americans of being communists or communist sympathizers who were disloyal to their country because of their political beliefs. His actions combined with the communist expansion and Korean War brought on fears that led to a new Red Scare.McCarthy played on the fears of the people to obtain a higher political standing within the United States Senate. During the early asss the senator made a name for himself, but one could say was it the best name. Senator McCarthy exposed all types of people; he accused government workers, playwrights, actors and Jews along with anyone else he assumed people would believe were communist. This witch hunt made life for many who were not communist almost impossible to endure. The Government and Hollywood were hunted and ran out of town first.Many actresses, actors, and playwrights moved to Europe and Mexico to elude the accusations and possible jail sentences. Some of the most popular actresses and actors of these times Humphrey Bogota, Lauren Abacas, and Danny Okay organized a group called the Committee for the First Amendment. This group organized to protest the pointing of the finger from government at their business. Along with the publicity of many newspaper and news cast posted throughout this news created an era of chaos and uncertainness for America.

Free Essays on Chinas Battle On Overpopulation

CHINA’S OVERPOPULATION BATTLE China’s population policy, more commonly referred to as the One Child Policy, is one of the most controversial topics in the world, and the only one of its kind in history. It has been praised and criticized by many, and the world has yet to see what results it will have in the long run. The debatable one child policy of China has ultimately changed the views and stirred the emotions of many people on how to solve the population problem. The Chinese government has taken the enforcement of family planning and birthright laws to an extreme by violating the civil rights of its citizens, which has adversely affected the morale of its people. China implemented a one-child per family policy in 1979 in order to address the issue of unchecked population growth in a country with limited resources. While this policy was not enforced until 1979, population control actually began in the late fifties. This policy says all families are limited to one child unless that child is unable to work or dies. Only then are they allowed to have a second child without having to pay additional taxes on that child. Although China’s family planning efforts have dropped the population growth from 1970’s 33.43 percent per 1000 to 15.23 percent in 1999, abuse, forced abortions, and sterilization, and in some cases, even murder are the cause of what Chinese officials hail as a success. Many women have stated that they have been forced to have abortions due to declined applications for birth certificates. Some of these abortions are done just days before the mothers due date. There are also many women who tell of forced sterilization even after complying with the policy because they were accused of trying to hide their pregnancy. Destruction of property, including the destruction of entire homes, Are common among families who choose to disobey these laws. I am shocked and appalled at what I have read on the overpo... Free Essays on Chinas Battle On Overpopulation Free Essays on Chinas Battle On Overpopulation CHINA’S OVERPOPULATION BATTLE China’s population policy, more commonly referred to as the One Child Policy, is one of the most controversial topics in the world, and the only one of its kind in history. It has been praised and criticized by many, and the world has yet to see what results it will have in the long run. The debatable one child policy of China has ultimately changed the views and stirred the emotions of many people on how to solve the population problem. The Chinese government has taken the enforcement of family planning and birthright laws to an extreme by violating the civil rights of its citizens, which has adversely affected the morale of its people. China implemented a one-child per family policy in 1979 in order to address the issue of unchecked population growth in a country with limited resources. While this policy was not enforced until 1979, population control actually began in the late fifties. This policy says all families are limited to one child unless that child is unable to work or dies. Only then are they allowed to have a second child without having to pay additional taxes on that child. Although China’s family planning efforts have dropped the population growth from 1970’s 33.43 percent per 1000 to 15.23 percent in 1999, abuse, forced abortions, and sterilization, and in some cases, even murder are the cause of what Chinese officials hail as a success. Many women have stated that they have been forced to have abortions due to declined applications for birth certificates. Some of these abortions are done just days before the mothers due date. There are also many women who tell of forced sterilization even after complying with the policy because they were accused of trying to hide their pregnancy. Destruction of property, including the destruction of entire homes, Are common among families who choose to disobey these laws. I am shocked and appalled at what I have read on the overpo...